I-UNCTAD ihlola izici eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenza kube nokushoda okungakaze kubonwe kweziqukathi ezithikameza ukusimama kwezohwebo, nokuthi singasigwema kanjani isimo esifanayo esikhathini esizayo.

 

Ngenkathi i-Ever Given megaship ivimbe isiminyaminya eSuez Canal cishe isonto lonke ngoMashi, yaqala ukwanda kwamanani ezimpahla ezithwala impahla, okwase kuqalile ukwehla kusukela ekuphakameni kwesikhathi sonke okwafinyelelwa kuso ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19.

Amanani okuthumela ngemikhumbi ayingxenye enkulu yezindleko zohwebo, ngakho-ke ukunyuka okusha kubangela inselele eyengeziwe emnothweni womhlaba njengoba kuzabalaza ukusimama enkingeni embi kakhulu yomhlaba wonke selokhu kwaba Nokwehla Kwezomnotho Okukhulu.

"Isigameko Ever Given sikhumbuze umhlaba ukuthi sithembele kangakanani ekuthuthweni kwemikhumbi," kusho u-Jan Hoffmann, inhloko yegatsha lezohwebo nezokuthuthwa kwe-UNCTAD."Cishe u-80% wezimpahla esizidlayo zithwalwa yimikhumbi, kodwa sikukhohlwa kalula lokhu."

Amanani esitsha anomthelela othile ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke, njengoba cishe zonke izimpahla ezikhiqizwayo - okuhlanganisa izingubo, imithi kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla egayiwe - ithunyelwa ngeziqukathi.

"Ama-ripples azohlasela abathengi abaningi," kusho uMnu Hoffmann.“Amabhizinisi amaningi ngeke akwazi ukuthwala kanzima ngenxa yamanani aphezulu futhi azowadlulisela kumakhasimende awo.”

Umgomo omusha we-UNCTAD uhlola ukuthi kungani amanani ezimpahla enyuka ngesikhathi sodlame nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ukugwema isimo esifanayo ngokuzayo.

 

Izifinyezo: I-FEU, iyunithi elilingana namafidi angama-40;I-TEU, iyunithi elilingana namafidi angama-20.

Umthombo: Izibalo ze-UNCTAD, ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kuClarksons Research, Shipping Intelligence Network Time Series.

 

Ukushoda okungakaze kubonwe

Ngokuphambene nalokho obekulindelekile, isidingo sokuthuthwa kweziqukathi sikhule ngesikhathi sodlame, sibuyela emuva ngokushesha sisuka ekunciphiseni kokuqala.

"Izinguquko ekuthengeni nasekuthengeni okubangelwe yilolu bhubhane, okubandakanya ukwanda kwezentengiselwano nge-elekthronikhi, kanye nezindlela zokuvala umnyango, empeleni kuholele ekwenyukeni kwesidingo sokungeniswa kwezimpahla ezikhiqizwayo, ingxenye enkulu yazo ehanjiswa ezitsheni zokuthutha," kusho umbiko wenqubomgomo we-UNCTAD.

Ukugeleza kwezohwebo zasolwandle kuyanda njengoba abanye ohulumeni bedambisa ukuvala izivalo futhi bagunyaza amaphakeji kazwelonke wokuvuselela, kanye namabhizinisi aqoqwa ngokulindela amagagasi amasha alolu bhubhane.

"Ukwanda kwesidingo bekunamandla kunalokho obekulindelwe futhi akuhlangatshezwanga nenani elanele lokuthutha," kusho umbiko wenqubomgomo we-UNCTAD, wengeza ngokuthi ukushoda okwalandela kweziqukathi ezingenalutho "akukaze kwenzeke."

"Abathwali, amachweba kanye nabathumeli bonke bamangala," kusho yena.“Amabhokisi angenalutho ashiywe ezindaweni lapho ebengadingeki khona, futhi bekungakahlelelwa ukuthi amiswe kabusha.”

Izimbangela eziyisisekelo ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zihlanganisa ukushintsha kwamaphethini okuhweba nokungalingani, ukuphathwa kwamandla ngabathwali ekuqaleni kwenhlekelele kanye nokubambezeleka okuqhubekayo okuhlobene ne-COVID-19 ezindaweni zokuxhumanisa ezokuthutha, njengamachweba.

Amanani ezifundeni ezisathuthuka ayenyuka kakhulu

Umthelela emazingeni okuthutha ube mkhulu kakhulu emizileni yohwebo eya ezifundeni ezisathuthuka, lapho abathengi namabhizinisi bengakwazi khona ukuyikhokhela.

Njengamanje, amanani eNingizimu Melika nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika aphakeme kunanoma yisiphi esinye isifunda esikhulu sohwebo.Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, isibonelo, amanani ezimpahla ezisuka e-China aya eNingizimu Melika zase zeqe ngo-443% uma ziqhathaniswa nama-63% emzileni ophakathi kwe-Asia nogu olusempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika.

Ingxenye yencazelo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi imizila esuka eShayina iye emazweni aseNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika ivamise ukuba yinde.Kudingeka imikhumbi eyengeziwe ngesevisi yamasonto onke kule mizila, okusho ukuthi iziqukathi eziningi nazo “zibambekile” kule mizila.

"Lapho iziqukathi ezingenalutho ziyindlala, umthengi ovela kwamanye amazwe eBrazil noma eNigeria akumele akhokhele kuphela ukuthuthwa kwesiqukathi esigcwele kodwa futhi nezindleko zokubamba izinto zesitsha esingenalutho," kusho umbiko wenqubomgomo.

Esinye isici ukuntuleka kwempahla ebuyayo.Izizwe zaseNingizimu Melika kanye nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika zingenisa impahla ekhiqiziwe eminingi kunezithumela kwamanye amazwe, futhi kuyabiza ukuthi abathwali babuyisele amabhokisi angenalutho e-China emigwaqweni emide.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukushoda kwesikhathi esizayo

Ukusiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okuba nesimo esifanayo esikhathini esizayo, isifinyezo senqubomgomo ye-UNCTAD sigqamisa izindaba ezintathu ezidinga ukunakwa: ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguquko zokwenziwa lula kwezohwebo, ukuthuthukisa ukulandela ngomkhondo nokubikezela ukuhweba olwandle, kanye nokuqinisa iziphathimandla zokuncintisana zikazwelonke.

Okokuqala, abenzi benqubomgomo kudingeka benze izinguquko ukuze benze uhwebo lube lula futhi lungabizi kakhulu, eziningi zazo ezifakwe ku-World Trade Organisation's Trade Facilitation Agreement.

Ngokunciphisa ukuthintana ngokomzimba phakathi kwabasebenzi embonini yemikhumbi, izinguquko ezinjalo, ezithembele ekwenziweni kwezinqubo zezohwebo zibe zesimanjemanje, zingenza futhi amaketanga okuhlinzeka ngosizo futhi avikele abasebenzi kangcono.

Kungekudala ngemuva kokugadla kwe-COVID-19, i-UNCTAD ihlinzeke ngohlelo lwamaphuzu ayi-10 lokugcina imikhumbi ihamba, amachweba evulekile kanye nokuhweba kugeleza phakathi nalolu bhubhane.

Le nhlangano iphinde yahlangana namakhomishana esifunda e-UN ukusiza amazwe asathuthuka ukuthi asheshise lezi zinguquko futhi abhekane nezinselelo zezohwebo nezokuthutha ezibonakala yilo bhubhane.

Okwesibili, abenzi benqubomgomo kudingeka bakhuthaze ukuba sobala futhi bakhuthaze ukusebenzisana ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla olwandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe indlela izingcingo zamachweba namashejuli omzila aqashwe ngayo.

Futhi ohulumeni kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi iziphathimandla zokuncintisana zinezinsiza nobungcweti obudingekayo ukuze baphenye imikhuba engase ibe nokuhlukumeza embonini yemikhumbi.

Yize ukuphazamisa kwalolu bhubhane kuwumnyombo wokushoda kwamabhokisi, amasu athile abathwali kungenzeka abambezele ukubekwa kabusha kweziqukathi ekuqaleni kwenhlekelele.

Ukunikeza ukugada okudingekayo kuyinselele kakhulu kuziphathimandla emazweni asathuthuka, avame ukuntula izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe ekuthunyelweni kwamabhokisi ngamazwe ngamazwe.