Inani lama-oda emikhumbi emisha lidlule ku-300, ukwanda okubukhali okucishe kube izikhathi eziyisi-8 unyaka nonyaka, kanti imikhumbi engamasekeni engu-277 iphindaphindeka kabili unyaka nonyaka.Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, inani lama-oda emikhumbi emisha emakethe yemikhumbi yamabhokisi kanye nevolumu yokuhweba kanye nentengo yemikhumbi engamasekeni ikhuphuke ndawonye.Ngaphansi kwengqinamba yokuthi "umkhumbi owodwa kunzima ukuwuthola" emakethe yokuthumela amakhonteyina, izinkampani zemikhumbi zaqala umkhumbi owawubamba impi.

Ama-oda emikhumbi emisha ayengaba ngu-300, ngokunyuka konyaka nonyaka izikhathi ezingu-8

Ngokwezibalo zakamuva zemikhumbivalue, umthamo we-oda wemikhumbi emisha yamabhokisi engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ufinyelele ku-286, cishe i-TEU eyizigidi ezingu-2.5, enenani eliphelele lama-US $ 21.52 billion, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili izinga lerekhodi lika-US $ 9.2 billion Imikhumbi engu-99 ngo-2011. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, umthamo we-oda wemikhumbi yamabhokisi ukhuphuke ngo-790%, kuyilapho umthamo we-oda wemikhumbi yamabhokisi wawungu-$ 8.8 billion kuphela wemikhumbi engu-120 ngo-2020 kanye no-$ 6.8 billion wemikhumbi engu-106 ngo-2019.

Idatha ye-Vesselsvalue ikhombisa ukuthi iningi lama-oda emikhumbi yemikhumbi kulo nyaka ligxile emkhakheni wemikhumbi emisha yePanamax, enenani lemikhumbi eyi-112 enenani lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-13, uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhumbi engama-32 enenani lama- $ 1.97 billion ngo-2020.

Ngokusho kwezigaba zabanikazi bemikhumbi, i-seaspan, umnikazi womkhumbi omkhulu ozimele ozimele emhlabeni wonke, unomthamo ophezulu we-oda, onengqikithi engu-40 603000 TEU, ebiza ama-US $ 3.95 billion;Ukuthunyelwa kwe-EVA kukleliswe endaweni yesibili ngama-oda angama-22 we-US $ 2.82 billion;Umkhumbi we-Dafei, umkhumbi we-Wanhai kanye ne-HMM (umkhumbi wangaphambili womthengisi wesimanje) zikleliswe ku-3-5 ngokulandelanayo.

Imiphumela yezibalo ze-Alphaliner iphezulu.Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, iShayina, iJapan kanye neNingizimu Korea bathole ama-oda emikhumbi yamakhonteyna angaphezu kuka-300, isamba esiphelele se-TEU eyizigidi ezingama-2.88, okubalelwa ku-11.8% wesamba somthamo wezokuthutha we-TEU eyizigidi ezingama-24.5.

Iqhutshwa ukuhleleka okuhlanyayo, umthamo wama-oda aphethwe ngesandla emikhumbi yamabhokisi nawo unyukile.Kusukela mhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana, ama-oda aphethwe ngesandla anyukile esuka kwephansi kwe-TEU eyizigidi ezingu-2.29 ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule wafinyelela ezigidini ezingu-4,94 ze-TEU, futhi ingxenye yama-oda aphethwe ngesandla emikhumbi ekhona nayo ikhuphuke isuka ku-9.4% isikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule kuya ku-19.9%, ingxenye yayo yama-oda abanjwe ngesandla emkhakheni we-11000-25000teu iphezulu njenge-50% yemikhumbi ekhona.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuze kube manje kulo nyaka, intengo entsha yokwakha imikhumbi yemikhumbi yemikhumbi ikhuphuke ngo-15%.

Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, inani lama-oda amasha emikhumbi yamakhonteyna kulindeleke ukuthi libe likhulu.Ngomhla ziyisi-6 kuJulayi, i-Dexiang marine ya-oda imikhumbi emine yama-container angu-7000teu e-Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding.Ngalo lolo suku, i-seaspan iphinde yamemezela ukuthi isayine inkontileka yokwakha yemikhumbi eyi-10 LNG ene-70000teu enendawo enkulu yemikhumbi, futhi imikhumbi emisha izoqashiselwa ukuthunyelwa kwezinkanyezi kwa-Israel.NgoJulayi 15, i-COSCO Shipping Group idalule ukuthi iyalele imikhumbi yamakhonteyina engu-6 14092teu kanye nemikhumbi yama-container engu-4 16180teu embonini enzima ye-Yangzhou COSCO Shipping.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukholakala ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-Yangming kuzocabangela uku-oda iqoqo lokuqala lemikhumbi emikhulukazi engu-24000teu emikhulu emhlabeni.I-Maersk kuthiwa izoxoxisana ne-Hyundai Heavy Industry Group ukuze kwakhiwe okungenani imikhumbi yesiqukathi esebenza nge-methanol eyi-6 futhi okungenani engu-12 15000 TEU.IMaersk iyalele umkhumbi wokuqala wama-2100 TEU methanol powered dual fuel feeder ekwakhiweni komkhumbi kwaHyundai Weipu ngoJulayi 1.

U-Alphaliner uthe ngokucabanga ukuthi ama-oda kulawa amahlebezi angafezeka ngempumelelo futhi ama-oda angeziwe avela kwabanye abanikazi bemikhumbi azokwanda, inani lama-oda aphethwe ngesandla somkhumbi lingakhuphuka nge-TEU eyizigidi eziyi-1 engxenyeni yesibili yalo nyaka ukuze kufinyelele izinga. kwezigidi eziyisi-6 ze-TEU.Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, ingxenye yama-oda aphathwa ngesandla emikhunjini yemikhumbi ekhona izokwengezwa futhi ibe cishe kuma-24%.

Kwadayiswa imikhumbi engamasekeni engu-277, futhi intengo yomkhumbi yenyuka izikhathi ezine

Ikhuthazwa imakethe eshisayo emakethe yezokuthutha zamabhokisi, umthamo kanye nentengo yemakethe yemikhumbi esetshenzisiwe kukhuphuke ndawonye.Umthamo wokuhweba wemikhumbi yamabhokisi waphindeka ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, futhi intengo yomkhumbi yenyuke yafinyelela ngokuphindwe kane kunangonyaka odlule.

Icaphuna inani lemikhumbi, i-Baltic International Shipping Association (BIMCO) ithe umthamo wokuhweba wemikhumbi yamakhonteyina amasekeni ufinyelele ku-277 engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, okuwukukhula ngo-103.7% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-136 ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.Nakuba inani lemikhumbi yamabhokisi seliphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili, umthamo wemikhumbi engama-container engu-227 eshintshe izandla engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka wawungu-922203teu, okuwukunyuka ngo-40.1% kuphela ngokusekelwe kumthamo, kanti usayizi womkhumbi wawuyi-3403teu, ephansi. kunezinga ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.

Ngokwenani lemikhumbi, umkhumbi weziqukathi onevolumu enkulu yokuhweba kulo nyaka umkhumbi we-feeder we-100-2999teu.Umthamo wokuhweba wemikhumbi yamasekeni ungama-267, ngokunyuka konyaka nonyaka ngo-165.1%, kanti amandla okuthutha yi-289636teu.Kodwa-ke, ngokomthamo wezokuthutha, umthamo wokuthengiselana wemikhumbi ye-5000-9999 TEU super Panamax iphakeme kakhulu, futhi umthamo wezokuthutha wemikhumbi engama-54 yesibili ufinyelela ku-358874 TEU.Imikhumbi emikhulu ayidumile uma kuqhathaniswa emakethe yemikhumbi engamasekeni.Imikhumbi emihlanu kuphela yamakhonteyina engu-10000 TEU nangaphezulu eshintshe izandla engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka.

Ngokuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lezimpahla zomkhumbi wamabhokisi kanye nerenti, intengo yesekethe yomkhumbi wamabhokisi nayo inyuke izikhathi eziningana.Ngokusho kwe-vesselsvalue, phakathi kwemikhumbi yesifunda okushicilelwe izintengo zayo zokusebenza, isilinganiso sentengo yomkhumbi osetshenziswe ngesandla sikaJuni sasingama-US $ 17.6 wezigidi, okuphindwe kane kune-US $ 4 million ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.

Ngokwemininingwane kaClarkson, intengo yemikhumbi emikhulu, emaphakathi kanye nemincane yamabhokisi nayo ikhombisa umkhuba okhulayo ngokwenani le-TEU.Uhlobo lomkhumbi olugqame kakhulu luphakathi kuka-2600teu kuya ku-9100teu, kanti intengo yomkhumbi ikhuphuka ngo-US $12 wezigidi ukuya e-US $12.5 million, edume kakhulu emakethe.

Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwabangaphakathi, ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sezokuthutha kanye nokukhuphuka kwamazinga ezimpahla, izinga lokukhuphuka kwamandla amasha okuthutha alikwazi ukuhambisana nezinga lokukhula kwaleli gagasi lesidingo, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwenani lempahla. umthamo kanye nentengo yemikhumbi engamasekeni kulo nyaka.

UPeter Sand, umhlaziyi oyinhloko wemikhumbi ye-BIMCO, uthe: "Ukuze kutholwe umthamo owengeziwe wokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanje esikhathini esifushane, izinkampani ezithumela amakhonteyina zingakhetha kuphela imakethe yemikhumbi yokushaja neseseke. Njengoba amandla okuthutha atholakalayo athathwa ngokushesha. Imakethe yokuqashisa iya ngokuya ibiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuthola umkhumbi. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezithumela amakhonteyna zingakhetha kuphela ukuthenga imikhumbi engamasekeni. phezulu."

"Ngokombono womdayisi, intengo yamanje yomkhumbi wesibili inikeza isisusa esikhulu sokuthengisa, ngoba inzuzo yokuthengisa umkhumbi namuhla ingase ibuyisele ukulahlekelwa komkhumbi kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo."

UClarkson uthi ukwanda okukhulu kokuthengiswa kwemikhumbi emiseke kwaba ngcono kakhulu emakethe yemikhumbi.Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, inkomba ye-clarksea yenza i-avareji yama-US $21717 / ngosuku, ukukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka ngama-27%, ngo-64% ngaphezu kwezinga elimaphakathi kusukela ngoJanuwari 2009, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu ledatha yonyaka kusukela ngo-2008. Phakathi kwazo , umkhumbi wamabhokisi ngokungangabazeki uyinkambu yohlobo lomkhumbi "echume kakhulu", ubeka irekhodi eliphezulu.